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The Story of Aberffraw

Aberffraw is now a small, quiet and somewhat isolated village with a population of about 600. However, it was once one of the most important places in Wales.

Between the 7th and 13th centuries, it was the 'capital' of North Wales, home to the Princes of Gwynedd, including Llewelyn the Great.

The articles below are about the history of Aberffaw through the ages. However, because of Aberffraw's historical significance during the dark and middle ages, the village's history during these periods is closely linked to the history of Gwynedd and beyond and so the articles reflect this. Click on one of the titles shown below in red (or blue/purple) to read the article.

Aberffraw through the Ages.

Pre-Roman Times.

Roman Era.

The Dark Ages - The Age of the early Kings and Princes - 5th to 11th Centuries.

Medieval Aberffraw - The Era of the Princes and the Golden Age of Aberffraw - 1081 to 1282.

Aberffraw in the 14th to 18th Centuries.

Aberffraw in the 19th Century.

Aberffraw in the 20th Century.

Below are other articles about the history and development of Aberffraw.



The Kingdom of Gwynedd Print E-mail
The fortunes of the Kingdom of Gwynedd and the other Welsh kingdoms waxed and waned as they each strove for supremacy over the centuries. The lineage of the rulers of Gwynedd was not direct; it was riven with the usual family feuds and internecine squabbles. Allegiances changed, battles were won and lost and the influence of the Aberffraw dynasty rose and fell. There was actually a brief period of eight years, between 1055 and 1063, when Gruffudd ap Llywelyn of Gwynedd brought most of Wales under his control. Indeed, Gruffudd felt confident enough to invade England, with Irish Viking assistance, and succeeded in burning the town of Hereford, before being repulsed by Earl (later King) Harold in a campaign that did much to establish the latter’s reputation.
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The Great Storm of 1331 Print E-mail

Historical documents provide a record of a great storm in 1331. In southwest Anglesey, a major storm is reported to have caused major upheaval and movement of sand. A village, near what is now Newborough, was buried in sand and abandoned.

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The Llys of Aberffraw Print E-mail

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Roman Aberffraw Print E-mail

Roman Aberffraw

There is good archaeological evidence that Aberffraw village was the site of an old Roman fort. Nothing remains above ground to indicate where it once stood. However, In 1973, excavations west of Bodorgan Square uncovered a sequence of substantial banks and ditches. Further excavations in 1978, on the site of a former smithy on Chapel Street revealed comparable evidence and it has been argued that both discoveries relate to the same sequence of banks and ditches. The earliest ditch was V-profiled, up to 6 m. wide and 2.5 m. deep. The evidence for accompanying banks is less obvious, due to later truncation. Nevertheless, an interpretation has been proposed which suggests that the V-profiled ditch was flanked by a clay rampart  around 5 m. wide with a berm 1.5 m. wide between the bank and the ditch. These together would represent a barrier of defensible proportions. On the evidence of the scale and profile of the ditch it has been suggested that the bank and ditch might represent the presence of a Roman auxiliary fort. During the excavations finds consisted of two pieces of coarse grey-ware (course grey pottery) and a single piece of samian ware (a kind of bright red pottery).


It is possible that Cornelius Tacitus mentioned the fort in contemporary accounts.  A passage describes the aftermath of the attack on Anglesey by the Roman general Suetonius Paulinus. He had spent two years, subduing tribes and strengthening his garrison on the mainland. He then attacked the island of Anglesey, a rallying-point for rebellious tribes, in A.D.60/61.

In 1640 an ingot of copper was found at Aberffraw. It was stamped: ‘SOCIO ROMAE-NATSOL’. It had probably been mined at Parys Mountain, smelted nearby, and then transported to Aberffraw for export to mainland Britain or Ireland.

A third ditch probably belonged to the early-Medieval period. Evidence for occupation during the Medieval period comes from carved fragments dated from the 13th century, when a court complex, for which there is documentary evidence, occupied the site.

 

 
Pre-Roman Aberffraw Print E-mail

Pre-Roman Times

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